By showing how and with what great labour this knowledge was acquired by great sages as a means to secure the highest consummation, it extols knowledge to create a taste for it, in the minds of the hearers for, it is only when a taste for knowledge is created by praising it, they would eagerly seek to acquire it. The Upanishad at its very commencement says how the knowledge therein contained was transmitted from preceptor to disciple and does this for the purpose of praising it. The mantra beginning with “ Brahma Devanam” is one of the Atharvana Upanishads. Introduction by Sri Adi SankaracharyaĪdoration to the Brahman. The explanation for naming the Upanishad thus is that the one who comprehends its teaching is shaved or liberated from error and ignorance of higher wisdom and also that such teachings are razor sharp leaving no possibility of any ambiguity. The word mundaka denotes a shaving razor and a person with a shaven head i.e. The third Mundakam expands the ideas in the second Mundakam and then asserts that the state of knowing Brahman is one of freedom, fearlessness, complete liberation, self-sufficiency and bliss.
The second Mundakam describes the nature of the Brahman, the Self, the relation between the empirical world and the Brahman, and the path to know Brahman. The first Mundakam defines the science of “Higher Knowledge” and “Lower Knowledge”, and then asserts that acts of oblations and pious gifts are foolish, and do nothing to reduce unhappiness in current life or next, rather it is knowledge that frees. The Mundaka Upanishad contains three Mundakams (parts), each with two sections.
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